J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 1;288(5):3219-26

Pazos M, Natale P, Vicente M.

J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 1;288(5):3219-26In Escherichia coli, the cell division protein FtsZ is anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane by the action of the bitopic membrane protein ZipA and the cytoplasmic protein FtsA. Although the presence of both ZipA and FtsA is strictly indispensable for cell division, an FtsA gain-of-function mutant FtsA* (R286W) can bypass the ZipA requirement for cell division. This observation casts doubts on the role of ZipA and its need for cell division. Maxicells are nucleoid-free bacterial cells used as a whole cell in vitro system to probe protein-protein interactions without the need of protein purification.

We show that ZipA protects FtsZ from the ClpXP-directed degradation observed in E. coli maxicells and that ZipA-stabilized FtsZ forms membrane-attached spiral-like structures in the bacterial cytoplasm. The overproduction of the FtsZ-binding ZipA domain is sufficient to protect FtsZ from degradation, whereas other C-terminal ZipA partial deletions lacking it are not. Individual overproduction of the proto-ring component FtsA or its gain-of-function mutant FtsA* does not result in FtsZ protection. Overproduction of FtsA or FtsA* together with ZipA does not interfere with the FtsZ protection. Moreover, neither FtsA nor FtsA* protects FtsZ when overproduced together with ZipA mutants lacking the FZB domain.

We propose that ZipA protects FtsZ from degradation by ClpP by making the FtsZ site of interaction unavailable to the ClpX moiety of the ClpXP protease. This role cannot be replaced by either FtsA or FtsA*, suggesting a unique function for ZipA in proto-ring stability.

El CSIC ha renovado el panel de integrantes de su Comité Científico Asesor. La nueva lista de 23 miembros se ha cerrado con siete nuevas incorporaciones. Entre otras la de investigador del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología Mariano Esteban.

Mariano Esteban en su laboratorioEl órgano, cuya presidencia ostenta el presidente del CSIC, Emilio Lora-Tamayo, se compone de científicos y tecnólogos de las distintas áreas de conocimiento en las que está distribuida la actividad científica del CSIC. Según el Estatuto del organismo, tiene la función de informar y asesorar en aspectos científico-tecnológicos a la Presidencia del CSIC y al Consejo Rector.

Los siete vocales que se incorporan al comité son: Juan Albadalejo Montoro (profesor de Investigación del CSIC adscrito al Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura), Mariano Esteban Rodríguez (profesor de Investigación del CSIC adscrito al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología), Ángel Messeguer Peypoch (profesor de Investigación del CSIC adscrito al Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña) y Juan Moreno Klemming (profesor de Investigación del CSIC adscrito al Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales)

Esteban es pionero en el campo de las vacunas, donde destaca en la lucha contra el sida empleando procedimientos de inmunización combinada de vectores. Sus trabajos, que están siendo financiados por distintos organismos nacionales e internacionales como la Fundación Bill y Melinda Gates, tienen aplicación en enfermedades como la hepatitis C, la gripe o el cáncer de próstata.

PLoS Genet 9(1): e1003289

Méndez-Vigo B, Martínez-Zapater JM, Alonso-Blanco C.

PLoS Genet 9(1): e1003289The timing of flowering initiation is a fundamental trait for the adaptation of annual plants to different environments. Large amounts of intraspecific quantitative variation have been described for it among natural accessions of many species, but the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying this genetic variation are mainly being determined in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

To find novel A. thaliana flowering QTL, we developed introgression lines from the Japanese accession Fuk, which was selected based on the substantial transgression observed in an F2 population with the reference strain Ler. Analysis of an early flowering line carrying a single Fuk introgression identified Flowering Arabidopsis QTL1 (FAQ1). We fine-mapped FAQ1 in an 11 kb genomic region containing the MADS transcription factor gene SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP). Complementation of the early flowering phenotype of FAQ1-Fuk with a SVP-Ler transgen demonstrated that FAQ1 is SVP.

We further proved by directed mutagenesis and transgenesis that a single amino acid substitution in SVP causes the loss-of-function and early flowering of Fuk allele. Analysis of a worldwide collection of accessions detected FAQ1/SVP-Fuk allele only in Asia, with the highest frequency appearing in Japan, where we could also detect a potential ancestral genotype of FAQ1/SVP-Fuk. In addition, we evaluated allelic and epistatic interactions of SVP natural alleles by analysing more than one hundred transgenic lines carrying Ler or Fuk SVP alleles in five genetic backgrounds. Quantitative analyses of these lines showed that FAQ1/SVP effects vary from large to small depending on the genetic background.

These results support that the flowering repressor SVP has been recently selected in A. thaliana as a target for early flowering, and evidence the relevance of genetic interactions for the intraspecific evolution of FAQ1/SVP and flowering time.

Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(4):321-34

Fernandez D, Sanchez-Arevalo VJ, de Alboran IM.

Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(4):321-34Since the discovery of the myc gene, few genes are likely to have such influence on biomedical research. The diversity of the biological functions regulated by this transcription factor and its impact in human health have attracted investigators from many different fields.

The development of conditional knockout mouse models has allowed for the characterization of Myc-driven molecular mechanisms in primary cells in physiological and pathological conditions.

In this review, we discuss some of the main functions and recent findings regarding c-Myc in in vivo B lymphocyte differentiation from early progenitors to terminally differentiated cells.

Una de las 3 Advanced Grants en el campo de las Ciencias de la Vida que la Unión Europea ha concedido este año a científicos españoles será para el investigador del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del CSIC (CNB) Víctor de Lorenzo. Con la participación de otro científico de la casa, Luis Ángel Fernández, desarrollarán un gran proyecto de Biología Sintética.

Pseudomonas putida KT2442Víctor de Lorenzo es un ingeniero genético especializado en biorremediación ambiental y creó hace unos años una bacteria que emite luz en presencia de residuos de explosivos. Ahora recibirá de la Comisión Europea durante los próximos 5 años la financiación necesaria para la creación de un sistema inmune artificial.

El objetivo del proyecto, explica de Lorenzo, es "la creación de una plataforma artificial basada exclusivamente en partes, dispositivos y módulos de origen bacteriano". La construcción de este sistema en bacterias tiene como intención simplificar su generación y extender las aplicaciones de los anticuerpos más allá del ámbito biomédico.

El proyecto explotará los conceptos de diseño, las jerarquías de construcción y las nociones de estandarización que se derivan de las corrientes más actuales de la Biología Sintética.  El resultado será el ensamblaje y validación de lo que creen que será el sistema biológico no-natural más complejo intentado hasta el momento.

El laboratorio del investigador del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del CSIC (CNB) Lluís Montoliu ha generado para la empresa británica Crescendo Biologics Limited una variedad de ratones con anticuerpos humanos mejores que los que se producían hasta ahora.

Lluís MontoliuLos anticuerpos humanos se llevan usando hace ya bastantes años para el tratamiento de enfermedades como la artritis reumatoide o la enfermedad de Crohn. Ahora, con la tecnología diseñada por Crescendo se ha dado un paso más y los ratones generados tan sólo producen una de las partes de los anticuerpos, la llamada cadena pesada variable.

Estos anticuerpos, mucho más pequeños que los naturales, tienen la ventaja de poder usarse vía tópica y, según comenta Mike Romanos, director ejecutivo de Crescendo Biologics, “llegan con más facilidad a los órganos y tejidos en los que deben actuar y son más baratos de producir a gran escala”.

Desde el laboratorio del CNB en el que se han generado esta variedad de ratones, Lluís Montliu nos explica que el éxito de estos nuevos ratones transgénicos que producen los segmentos pesados de anticuerpos humanos se pone de manifiesto al usar ratones inmunodeficientes, que carecen de anticuerpos propios, propiedad de la empresa, permitiendo la obtención de los anticuerpos humanos sin contaminación alguna con anticuerpos de ratón. Un nuevo tipo de anticuerpos terapéuticos que Crescendo quiere empezar a utilizar en colaboración con empresas farmacéuticas.

El laboratorio del investigador del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del CSIC (CNB) Lluís Montoliu ha generado para la empresa británica Crescendo Biologics Limited una variedad de ratones con anticuerpos humanos mejores que los que se producían hasta ahora

Infect Immun. 2013 Jan;81(1):154-65

Núñez-Hernández C, Tierrez A, Ortega AD, Pucciarelli MG, Godoy M, Eisman B, Casadesús J, García-Del Portillo F.

Infect Immun. 2013 Jan;81(1):154-65Genome-wide expression analyses have provided clues on how Salmonella proliferates inside cultured macrophages and epithelial cells. However, in vivo studies show that Salmonella does not replicate massively within host cells, leaving the underlying mechanisms of such growth control largely undefined.

In vitro infection models based on fibroblasts or dendritic cells reveal limited proliferation of the pathogen, but it is presently unknown whether these phenomena reflect events occurring in vivo. Fibroblasts are distinctive, since they represent a nonphagocytic cell type in which S. enterica serovar Typhimurium actively attenuates intracellular growth.

Here, we show in the mouse model that S. Typhimurium restrains intracellular growth within nonphagocytic cells positioned in the intestinal lamina propria. This response requires a functional PhoP-PhoQ system and is reproduced in primary fibroblasts isolated from the mouse intestine. The fibroblast infection model was exploited to generate transcriptome data, which revealed that ∼2% (98 genes) of the S. Typhimurium genome is differentially expressed in nongrowing intracellular bacteria. Changes include metabolic reprogramming to microaerophilic conditions, induction of virulence plasmid genes, upregulation of the pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2, and shutdown of flagella production and chemotaxis. Comparison of relative protein levels of several PhoP-PhoQ-regulated functions (PagN, PagP, and VirK) in nongrowing intracellular bacteria and extracellular bacteria exposed to diverse PhoP-PhoQ-inducing signals denoted a regulation responding to acidic pH.

These data demonstrate that S. Typhimurium restrains intracellular growth in vivo and support a model in which dormant intracellular bacteria could sense vacuolar acidification to stimulate the PhoP-PhoQ system for preventing intracellular overgrowth.

El investigador del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del CSIC (CNB) Mariano Esteban sustituye a María Teresa Miras Portugal en la presidencia de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia. Y lo hace con la “ilusión de impulsar desde la Academia todo lo relacionado con el medicamento y la salud”, especialmente a través de conferencias, mesas redondas y simposios dirigidos a entender los mecanismos moleculares de la acción de los fármacos sobre el organismo.

Mariano Esteban en su laboratorioDurante la Sesión Inaugural del curso del pasado jueves 17 de enero, Esteban tomó posesión como nuevo presidente de la institución. Desde su nuevo cargo anima a que en una época en la que la biología avanza a pasos agigantados, se apliquen esos conocimientos “para un mayor bienestar social”.

Pionero en el campo de las vacunas, caben destacar sus investigaciones en la lucha contra el sida empleando procedimientos de inmunización combinada de vectores. Sus trabajos, que están siendo financiados por distintos organismos nacionales e internacionales como la Fundación Bill y Melinda Gates, tienen aplicación en enfermedades como la hepatitis C, la gripe o el cáncer de próstata.

Para el que fuera director del CNB de 1992 a 2003, la Academia debe “fomentar el estudio de las llamadas enfermedades olvidadas”. Algo a lo que el mismo ha dedicado gran parte de su vida científica. No en vano, el propio Esteban cuenta con más de 270 artículos en revistas internacionales relacionados no solo con la producción de vacunas contra el VIH sino también contra enfermedades como la leishmaniasis o la malaria.

Para este licenciado en Farmacia (1967) y en Ciencias Biológicas (1972), la Academia “debe ser un foro donde brillen las ideas” y recalca la importancia de seguir colaborando con el sector farmacéutico ya que ambos se necesitan mutuamente.

Proteomics. 2013 Jan;13(1):5-11

Casado-Vela J, Lacal JC, Elortza F.

Proteomics. 2013 Jan;13(1):5-11Three main molecular mechanisms are considered to contribute expanding the repertoire and diversity of proteins present in living organisms: first, at DNA level (gene polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms); second, at messenger RNA (pre-mRNA and mRNA) level including alternative splicing (also termed differential splicing or cis-splicing); finally, at the protein level mainly driven through PTM and specific proteolytic cleavages.

Chimeric mRNAs constitute an alternative source of protein diversity, which can be generated either by chromosomal translocations or by trans-splicing events. The occurrence of chimeric mRNAs and proteins is a frequent event in cells from the immune system and cancer cells, mainly as a consequence of gene rearrangements. Recent reports support that chimeric proteins may also be expressed at low levels under normal physiological circumstances, thus, representing a novel source of protein diversity. Notably, recent publications demonstrate that chimeric protein products can be successfully identified through bottom-up proteomic analyses.

Several questions remain unsolved, such as the physiological role and impact of such chimeric proteins or the potential occurrence of chimeric proteins in higher eukaryotic organisms different from humans. The occurrence of chimeric proteins certainly seems to be another unforeseen source of complexity for the proteome. It may be a process to take in mind not only when performing bottom-up proteomic analyses in cancer studies but also in general bottom-up proteomics experiments.

J Cell Biol. 2012 Oct 29;199(3):527-44

Yu X, Zech T, McDonald L, Gonzalez EG, Li A, Macpherson I, Schwarz JP, Spence H, Futó K, Timpson P, Nixon C, Ma Y, Anton IM, Visegrády B, Insall RH, Oien K, Blyth K, Norman JC, Machesky LM.

J Cell Biol. 2012 Oct 29;199(3):527-44Metastasizing tumor cells use matrix metalloproteases, such as the transmembrane collagenase MT1-MMP, together with actin-based protrusions, to break through extracellular matrix barriers and migrate in dense matrix.

Here we show that the actin nucleation–promoting protein N-WASP (Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) is up-regulated in breast cancer, and has a pivotal role in mediating the assembly of elongated pseudopodia that are instrumental in matrix degradation. Although a role for N-WASP in invadopodia was known, we now show how N-WASP regulates invasive protrusion in 3D matrices. In actively invading cells, N-WASP promoted trafficking of MT1-MMP into invasive pseudopodia, primarily from late endosomes, from which it was delivered to the plasma membrane. Upon MT1-MMP’s arrival at the plasma membrane in pseudopodia, N-WASP stabilized MT1-MMP via direct tethering of its cytoplasmic tail to F-actin.

Thus, N-WASP is crucial for extension of invasive pseudopods into which MT1-MMP traffics and for providing the correct cytoskeletal framework to couple matrix remodeling with protrusive invasion.

NOTE! This site uses cookies and similar technologies.

If you continue browsing or do not change browser settings, we consider your acepptance for using. Learn more

I understand

COOKIES POLICY

A cookie is a text file that is stored on your computer or mobile device via a web server and only that server will be able to retrieve or read the contents of the cookie and allow the Web site remember browser preferences and navigate efficiently. Cookies make the interaction between the user and the website faster and easier.

General information

This Website uses cookies. Cookies are small text files generated by the web pages you visit, which contain the session data that can be useful later in the website. In this way this Web remembers information about your visit, which can facilitate your next visit and make the website more useful.

How do cookies?

Cookies can only store text, usually always anonymous and encrypted. No personal information is ever stored in a cookie, or can be associated with identified or identifiable person.

The data allow this website to keep your information between the pages, and also to discuss how to interact with the website. Cookies are safe because they can only store information that is put there by the browser, which is information the user entered in the browser or included in the page request. You can not run the code and can not be used to access your computer. If a website encrypts cookie data, only the website can read the information.

What types of cookies used?

The cookies used by this website can be distinguished by the following criteria:

1. Types of cookies as the entity that manages:

Depending on who the entity operating the computer or domain where cookies are sent and treat the data obtained, we can distinguish:

- Own cookies: are those that are sent to the user's terminal equipment from a computer or domain managed by the editor itself and from which provides the service requested by the user.

- Third party cookies: these are those that are sent to the user's terminal equipment from a machine or domain that is not managed by the publisher, but by another entity data is obtained through cookies.

In the event that the cookies are installed from a computer or domain managed by the editor itself but the information collected by these is managed by a third party can not be considered as party cookies.

2. Types of cookies as the length of time that remain active:

Depending on the length of time that remain active in the terminal equipment can be distinguished:

- Session cookies: cookies are a type designed to collect and store data while the user accesses a web page. Are usually used to store information that only worth preserving for the service requested by the user at any one time (eg a list of products purchased).

- Persistent cookies: cookies are a type of data which are stored in the terminal and can be accessed and treated for a period defined by the head of the cookie, and can range from a few minutes to several years.

3. Cookies types according to their purpose:

Depending on the purpose for which the data are processed through cookies, we can distinguish between:

- Technical cookies: these are those that allow the user to navigate through a web page or application platform and the use of different options or services it exist as, for example, control traffic and data communication, identify the session, access to restricted access parts, remember the elements of an order, make the buying process an order, make an application for registration or participation in an event, use security features while browsing store content for dissemination videos or sound or share content via social networks.

- Customization cookies: these are those that allow the user to access the service with some general characteristics based on a predefined set of criteria in the user terminal would eg language, the type of browser through which you access the service, the locale from which you access the service, etc.

- Analysis cookies: they are those that allow the responsible for them, monitoring and analyzing the behavior of users of the web sites that are linked. The information gathered through such cookies are used in measuring the activity of web sites, application or platform and for the profiling of user navigation of such sites, applications and platforms, in order to make improvements function data analysis how users use the service.

Management tool cookies

This Website uses Google Analytics.

Google Analytics is a free tool from Google that primarily allows website owners know how users interact with your website. Also, enable cookies in the domain of the site in which you are and uses a set of cookies called "__utma" and "__utmz" to collect information anonymously and reporting of website trends without identifying individual users..

For statistics of use of this website use cookies in order to know the level of recurrence of our visitors and more interesting content. This way we can concentrate our efforts on improving the most visited areas and make the user more easily find what they are looking for. On this site you can use the information from your visit for statistical evaluations and calculations anonymous data and to ensure the continuity of service or to make improvements to their websites. For more details, see the link below privacy policy [http://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/]

How to manage cookies on your computer: disabling and deleting cookies

All Internet browsers allow you to limit the behavior of a cookie or disable cookies within settings or browser settings. The steps for doing so are different for each browser, you can find instructions in the help menu of your browser.

If you decline the use of cookies, since it is possible thanks to the preferences menu of your browser or settings, reject, this website will continue to function properly without the use of the same.

Can you allow, block or delete cookies installed on your computer by setting your browser options installed on your computer:

- For more information about Internet Explorer click here.
- For more information on Chrome click here.
- For more information about Safari click here.
- For more information about Firefox click here.

Through your browser, you can also view the cookies that are on your computer, and delete them as you see fit. Cookies are text files, you can open and read the contents. The data within them is almost always encrypted with a numeric key corresponding to an Internet session so often has no meaning beyond the website who wrote it.

Informed consent

The use of this website on the other hand, implies that you paid your specific consent to the use of cookies, on the terms and conditions provided in this Cookies Policy, without prejudice to the measures of deactivation and removal of cookies that you can take, and mentioned in the previous section.