Thursday, 31 May 2012 08:38

Nuevo protocolo de vacunación contra la malaria

Investigadores del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del CSIC en colaboración con la Johns Hopkins University de los EE.UU. han desarrollado un nuevo protocolo de vacunación que consigue en ratones eliminar la infección por Plasmodium, el parásito causante de la malaria.

Development of vaccinesGracias a una beca de la Fundación La Caixa, Aneesh Vijayan ha podido comprobar bajo la dirección del Dr. Mariano Esteban que la vacunación en dos fases consigue en ratones una protección completa frente al parásito Plasmodium yoelii. Según explica Esteban, “primero se inyecta una proteína quimérica (CS-14K) y dos semanas después se administra un virus atenuado (MVA-CS) que produce la proteína CS”.

El motivo de basar la vacuna en la proteína CS se debe a un trabajo realizado en África en 2008 en el que conseguían una protección del 50% durante el primer año. Los 15.450 niños de entre 5 y 17 meses de este ensayo clínico de fase III fueron vacunados con una combinación de la proteína CS fusionada con otra proteína del virus de la hepatitis B junto con el adyuvante ASO1.

La necesidad de una vacuna que proteja en mayor grado llevó al grupo de Esteban a probar con esta nueva aproximación de la cual el CSIC ha solicitado ya una patente. Aunque se ha demostrado sólo en ratones, Esteban piensa que este trabajo supone “un paso adelante hacia el desarrollo de una vacuna con alta eficacia frente a malaria con la ventaja de que no necesita la inclusión de un adyuvante”, la cual, con una tasa de infección de unos 225 millones de personas y alrededor de 1 millón de muertes anuales, es uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública actuales.

Vijayan A, Gómez CE, Espinosa DA, Goodman AG, Sanchez-Sampedro L, Sorzano CO, Zavala F, Esteban M. Adjuvant-like effect of Vaccinia virus 14K protein: A case study with malaria vaccine based on the circumsporozoite protein. J Immunol. 2012 May 21.

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