Tuesday, 18 March 2014 12:06

Nuevos datos sobre cómo las bacterias infectan a las plantas

Las bacterias que atacan a las plantas, además de secretar toxinas, inyectan en las células vegetales proteínas efectoras que favorecen la infección. Algunas cepas de Pseudomonas producen una toxina llamada coronatina que desorganiza la fisiología de la célula e impide el funcionamiento de sus defensas. La coronatina imita el funcionamiento de una de las hormonas encargadas de activar las defensas contra los hongos, el jasmonato. Pero, al mismo tiempo, promueve el crecimiento bacteriano al inhibir los mecanismos de defensa dependientes del ácido salicílico, los cuales son fundamentales para resitir las infecciones por Pseudomonas.

El grupo dirigido por Roberto Solano en el Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del CSIC intenta elucidar cómo las cepas de Pseudomonas que no producen coronatina, la mayoría de ellas, son capaces de alterar las hormonas de las plantas y qué mecanismos han evolucionado para que puedan infectarlas.

Aparte de las fitotoxinas, las cepas de Pseudomonas producen hasta 30 proteínas efectoras de tipo III distintas que son capaces de suprimir de forma activa las defensas de las plantas infectadas. Para el caso concreto de uno de estos efectores, HopX1, Solano acaba de encontar en su laboratorio del CNB que en la planta modelo Arabidopsis, tanto la expresión exógena de HopX1 como la infección natural por cepas de Pseudomonas que producen este efector, promueven el crecimeinto bacteriano de manera similar a la coronatina: activando la expresión de los genes dependientes del jasmonato. Sus resultados indican que HopX1 es una cisteína proteasa que imita los efectos de la coronatina al degradar a represores esenciales en el funcionamiento de la vía de señalización del jasmonato, las llamadas proteínas jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ).

Estos resultados, publicados en la revista PLoS Biology, muestran un mecanismo hasta ahora desconocido por el que los patógenos manipulan los puntos clave de la respuesta hormonal que usan las plantas para protegerse frente a las infecciones.

HopX1

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