Thursday, 07 March 2024 10:01

Arranca EvaMobs, un proyecto europeo con participación del CNB-CSIC para el desarrollo de nuevos antivirales

Participantes en la Primera Reunión celebrada en Oeiras, Portugal, que da arranque al Proyecto EvaMobs Participantes en la Primera Reunión celebrada en Oeiras, Portugal, que da arranque al Proyecto EvaMobs

En este proyecto, financiado por el programa Horizonte Europa, un consorcio de socios con la participación del CNB-CSIC, se ha introducido en una novedosa estrategia de desarrollo de antivirales. En la actualidad, los antivirales de que disponemos se dirigen específicamente a un determinado virus, como el de la gripe, por lo que sólo pueden actuar contra un número limitado de virus. Pero, ¿y si en lugar de desarrollar un solo antiviral específico cada vez pudiéramos desarrollar una plataforma capaz de descubrir y producir rápidamente las moléculas específicas que pueden combatir cualquier virus dado y reducir el riesgo de brotes pandémicos?

Para lograrlo, el proyecto EvaMobs está adoptando un enfoque novedoso, utilizando los llamados "monocuerpos" evolucionables, o "Mobs" para abreviar. Los Mobs son pequeñas proteínas que pueden construirse para tener una gran afinidad por cualquier tipo de proteína vírica. En otras palabras, este marco puede utilizarse para generar fácilmente moléculas específicas capaces de "atacar" e inactivar un virus. La tecnología puede utilizarse para crear moléculas que se adapten fácilmente a una amplia gama de virus diferentes. Mediante el uso de monocuerpos evolutivos y rápidamente adaptables, EvaMobs pretende crear una plataforma para el rápido desarrollo de nuevos biofármacos antivirales.

El consorcio EvaMobs está formado por 11 socios de Portugal, Suiza, España, Irlanda, Bélgica, Croacia, Alemania y los Países Bajos. El equipo es muy multidisciplinar y combina conocimientos que van desde la biología computacional fundamental y la biología estructural hasta los ensayos clínicos. "Estamos realmente entusiasmados de trabajar con un equipo tan sólido y ecléctico para crear los biofármacos del futuro". declara José María Valpuesta, líder del grupo del CNB-CSIC que forma parte del consorcio. 

En el proyecto, de cinco años de duración, EvaMobs se centrará en cuatro virus principales: SARS-CoV-2, el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS), la gripe y el virus Zika. Estos cuatro casos de prueba se utilizarán para validar la eficacia de la plataforma EvaMobs. Para lograr esta plataforma de producción de antivirales de amplio espectro, el proyecto combina conocimientos especializados de distintos campos. Empezando por combinar el diseño computacional y la inteligencia artificial, la plataforma pretende ser capaz de generar millones de Mobs diseñados por ordenador. La plataforma predecirá qué modificaciones introducir en la proteína original para crear un Mob capaz de inactivar el virus objetivo. Mediante la caracterización de todos los candidatos potenciales a Mob, se producirá una selección reducida de varios centenares que se probarán en ensayos de infección vírica. A partir de estos ensayos, se seleccionarán los Mobs más prometedores para nuevos ensayos y pruebas. Finalmente, el mejor Mob se probará en un ensayo clínico de fase 1.

Eventualmente, y con esta plataforma en funcionamiento, se podrá actuar con rapidez y producir nuevos antivirales rápidamente durante un futuro brote vírico, reforzando la preparación de la UE ante una pandemia.

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