Wednesday, 25 April 2012 12:06

Expertos en la infección causada por el virus C de la Hepatitis se reunieron en el CNB

El Centro Nacional de Biotecnología acogió el pasado 13 de abril de 2012 la primera reunión del Grupo de Hepatitis Víricas de la Sociedad Española de Virología.

Infección por el virus de la hepatitis CEste primer encuentro, organizado por el Dr. Pablo Gastaminza, ha reunido a más de ochenta investigadores básicos, clínicos y epidemiológicos alrededor de un tema común, el virus C de la hepatitis (HCV). Este virus afecta a un 2% de la población española, y, tras una infección aguda, el 80% de los pacientes desarrollan una hepatitis crónica para la cual el único tratamiento es la terapia combinada de interferón alfa y ribavirina y cuya eficacia no supera el 60%. A pesar de la reciente aprobación de nuevos fármacos frente a este virus, existen serias limitaciones de índole médico, epidemiológico y económico para el tratamiento adecuado de los pacientes infectados por este patógeno. De ahí la importancia de estudiar la biología del virus, la prevalencia real de la infección para identificar a portadores inadvertidos, que son la mayoría de los infectados, y los protocolos médicos óptimos de cara a desarrollar métodos efectivos para controlar una epidemia de gran magnitud a escala mundial.

En esta jornada se han podido escuchar, además de la situación actual y los futuros retos expuestos por los Coordinadores de Área del Grupo, los últimos avances de los científicos españoles en áreas tan diferentes de la biología del virus como su interacción con factores celulares que participan en procesos de regulación de la traducción celular, la estructura que adopta el RNA viral y sus requerimientos funcionales, o la visualización de los primeros procesos de formación de partículas virales en 3D. Todas ellas forman parte de las últimas estrategias destinadas a encontrar dianas para nuevos fármacos antivirales, una tarea en la que se aúnan esfuerzos de grupos de investigación básica y clínica.

En la parte clínica hay que destacar el esfuerzo dedicado al desarrollo de medicamentos con menores efectos secundarios, o la búsqueda de factores genéticos del paciente que ayuden a definir mejor su respuesta al tratamiento. La reciente aprobación de dos nuevos fármacos (inhibidores de la proteasa viral) abre nuevas esperanzas para los pacientes afectados por el genotipo 1. Su uso puede conseguir la respuesta al tratamiento hasta en un 79% en pacientes que no hayan recibido tratamiento previo, y en un 60% en pacientes con recaídas previas. Sin embargo, aún quedan por definir en el Ministerio de Sanidad los protocolos de inclusión de pacientes en este nuevo tratamiento cuyo coste directo es actualmente inasumible por la sanidad pública española.  Finalmente se presentaron las metodologías empleadas por organismos oficiales para la monitorización de brotes de casos de VHC, así como trabajos de caracterización de vías de transmisión materno-infantil y potenciales variantes virales circulantes.

El Prof. Charles Rice, Director del Centro de Investigación sobre HCV de la Rockefeller UniversityAdemás, la reunión contó con la presencia del Dr. Charles M. Rice, director del Centro de Investigación de Hepatitis C de la Universidad Rockefeller en Nueva York. Su conferencia se centró en los últimos avances desarrollados para conseguir nuevos modelos celulares y animales que permitan estudiar en mayor profundidad  los procesos que acontecen durante la infección por el HCV. De su más reciente trabajo cabe destacar el desarrollo de un modelo murino de infección por el virus de la hepatitis C. Dicho modelo permite, gracias a la introducción de una serie de receptores humanos en el genoma del ratón, reproducir el ciclo completo del virus en ratones, una quimera perseguida por cientos de laboratorios en el mundo que se ha hecho realidad en el laboratorio del Dr. Rice y que va a acelerar notablemente los estudios preclínicos para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos.

En la mesa redonda posterior en la que participaron como ponentes los coordinadores de área del Grupo de Hepatitis Víricas Dr. Antonio Mas (Área básica), Dr. Javier García Samaniego (Área Clínica) y Dr. José Manuel Echevarría (Área Diagnóstico-Epidemiológica) junto al Presidente de la SEV , Dr. Esteban Domingo, y el miembro de la Junta Directiva de la SEV Dr. Albert Bosch, se ha insistido en las ventajas que proporciona la creación de este grupo de trabajo como vehículo de que permita una mayor comunicación entre investigadores básicos, clínicos y epidemiológicos con un objetivo común. Hasta ahora, se han inscrito 28 grupos de investigación, y se espera que la participación pueda aumentar, incluyendo un mayor número de colectivos científicos con interés en las hepatitis víricas. Para más información, se puede contactar con el Dr. Antonio Mas, coordinador del Grupo.

Coordinadores de área del Grupo de hepatitis víricas de la SEV. De izqda a dcha: Antonio Mas, Albert Bosch, Javier Gcia. Samaniego, Jose Manuel Echevarría y el Presidente de la SEV, Esteban Domingo.
Fotografías del evento en: http://www.cnb.csic.es/~foto/Sitio_web/WorkShop_Hepatitis_C.html

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