• El Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC) y la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid organizan este simposio los días 12 y 13 de junio
  • Una treintena de prestigiosos expertos repasan el estado actual de la criomicroscopía electrónica a través de su experiencia investigadora y la aplicación de la técnica en diferentes campos

Los días 12 y 13 de junio se celebra el simposio 25 años de criomicroscopía electrónica en España. Un homenaje a José L. Carrascosa en el campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Este simposio, enmarcado en la celebración del 50 Aniversario de la UAM, ha sido inaugurado por la presidenta del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Rosa Menéndez, y por el rector  de la UAM, Rafael Garesse.

The symposium "25 years of cryoelectron microscopy in Spain: A tribute to José L. Carrascosa” will be held next 12th and 13th of June at the Autonomous University of Madrid. This symposium, included in the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Autonomous University, will bring internationally recognised speakers such as professors Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson, awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 for the development of cryoelectron microscopy.

Over two days, the current state of the art will be reviewed through the presentations of more than 30 scientists who use cryoelectron microscopy techniques in their respective research fields. In addition, these days will serve as well-deserved tribute to the CSIC research professor José L. Carrascosa, and essential promoter for the development of cryoelectron microscopy in Spain and specially at the CNB.

Inscription not required,

Full program available here


ACS Nano. 2016 Jun 21

Pérez-Berná AJ, Rodríguez MJ, Chichón FJ, Friesland MF, Sorrentino A, Carrascosa JL, Pereiro E, Gastaminza P.

Del 2 al 4 de abril de 2014 se va a celebrar en el Centro Nacional de Biotecnología del CSIC (CNB) VIII Reunión de la Red Nacional de Estructura y Función de Proteínas.

VIII Reunión de la Red Nacional de Estructura y Función de ProteínasOrganizada por los científicos del CNB José María Valpuesta y José L. Carrascosa, la reunión pretende reunir a gran parte de la comunidad científica española que estudia distintos aspectos de las proteínas, para intercambiar conocimientos y fomentar colaboraciones. En esta reunión seguirá el formato de las anteriores, con charlas cortas que permitan mostrar los resultados al mayor número posible de investigadores, dando preferencia para las charlas a investigadores junior.

Para la organización de la reunión se cuenta con la ayuda del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y con apoyo por parte del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología y de varias sociedades científicas (SEBBM y SME) y empresas colaboradoras de la Red (Bruker, Sigma-Aldrich y Diffractia). Todo ello ha permitido la invitación de varios científicos que abrirán los simposios de la Reunión (ver Programa provisional).

La asistencia a la reunión será por cuenta de los investigadores participantes, tal como ha ocurrido en anteriores eventos, aunque habrá un número de ayudas a la asistencia para investigadores, financiadas por distintas sociedades científicas, cuyo número y cuantía está aun por determinar.

J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 24

Cuervo A, Pulido-Cid M, Chagoyen M, Arranz R, González-García VA, Garcia-Doval C, Castón JR, Valpuesta JM, van Raaij MJ, Martín-Benito J, Carrascosa JL.

J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 24Most bacterial viruses need a specialized machinery, called “tail,” to inject their genomes inside the bacterial cytoplasm without disrupting the cellular integrity. Bacteriophage T7 is a well characterized member of the Podoviridae family infecting Escherichia coli, and it has a short noncontractile tail that assembles sequentially on the viral head after DNA packaging. The T7 tail is a complex of around 2.7 MDa composed of at least four proteins as follows: the connector (gene product 8, gp8), the tail tubular proteins gp11 and gp12, and the fibers (gp17).

Using cryo-electron microscopy and single particle image reconstruction techniques, we have determined the precise topology of the tail proteins by comparing the structure of the T7 tail extracted from viruses and a complex formed by recombinant gp8, gp11, and gp12 proteins. Furthermore, the order of assembly of the structural components within the complex was deduced from interaction assays with cloned and purified tail proteins. The existence of common folds among similar tail proteins allowed us to obtain pseudo-atomic threaded models of gp8 (connector) and gp11 (gatekeeper) proteins, which were docked into the corresponding cryo-EM volumes of the tail complex. This pseudo-atomic model of the connector-gatekeeper interaction revealed the existence of a common molecular architecture among viruses belonging to the three tailed bacteriophage families, strongly suggesting that a common molecular mechanism has been favored during evolution to coordinate the transition between DNA packaging and tail assembly.

J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 7;288(23):16998-7007

Daudén MI, Martín-Benito J, Sánchez-Ferrero JC, Pulido-Cid M, Valpuesta JM, Carrascosa JL.

J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 7;288(23):16998-7007During bacteriophage morphogenesis DNA is translocated into a preformed prohead by the complex formed by the portal protein, or connector, plus the terminase, which are located at an especial prohead vertex. The terminase is a powerful motor that converts ATP hydrolysis into mechanical movement of the DNA. Here, we have determined the structure of the T7 large terminase by electron microscopy.

The five terminase subunits assemble in a toroid that encloses a channel wide enough to accommodate dsDNA. The structure of the complete connector-terminase complex is also reported, revealing the coupling between the terminase and the connector forming a continuous channel. The structure of the terminase assembled into the complex showed a different conformation when compared with the isolated terminase pentamer. To understand in molecular terms the terminase morphological change, we generated the terminase atomic model based on the crystallographic structure of its phage T4 counterpart. The docking of the threaded model in both terminase conformations showed that the transition between the two states can be achieved by rigid body subunit rotation in the pentameric assembly. The existence of two terminase conformations and its possible relation to the sequential DNA translocation may shed light into the molecular bases of the packaging mechanism of bacteriophage T7.

El investigador del CNB José L. Carrascosa ha sido uno de los editores del número especial de la revista Journal of Structural Biology en el que se recogen las investigaciones más recientes sobre el uso en biología de la microscopía de rayos X. En este mismo número además, su grupo presenta sus últimos resultados aplicando esta técnica de microscopía al estudio de células infectadas por virus.

Montaje con la segmentación de los dos tipos de virusHoy en día, los investigadores se enfrentan al reto de resolver la estructura de las células y sus componentes celulares en un estado lo más cercano posible al nativo. Aunque la utilidad de los rayos X para los biólogos se conoce desde hace ya bastante tiempo (miles de estructuras de proteínas y macromoléculas, incluida la del ADN, se han resuelto gracias a la cristalografía de rayos X), su uso para hacer microscopía no ha podido madurar hasta fechas muy recientes. Una serie de avances en óptica de rayos X, junto con la mejora de los métodos de preparación de células, han hecho posible construir microscopios de rayos X capaces de obtener imágenes de células completas a una resolución intermedia entre la microscopía electrónica y la microscopía óptica.

Junto con Robert M. Glaeser de la University of California, Carrascosa ha seleccionado una serie de trabajos de grupos muy importantes a nivel internacional en el panorama de la biología estructural a nivel celular, en los que se desarrollan y aplican los avances más recientes en el campo de la microscopía de rayos X. Todos ellos tienen en común la combinación de esta técnica con otras que ayudan enormemente a mejorar los resultados obtenidos.

Por ejemplo, la combinación con los microscopios ópticos permite seleccionar las células más adecuadas para su estudio en profundidad con la microscopía de rayos X. Una selección previa que, a parte de suponer un ahorro de tiempo y esfuerzo, asegura al investigador que los resultados que obtiene son los correctos.

También se puede aprovechar la gran sensibilidad que ofrece la fluorescencia de rayos X para detectar y localizar cantidades realmente pequeñas de iones metálicos en el interior de las células. Algo que en el campo de la medicina es de enorme ayuda para poder estudiar las causas de diversas enfermedades metabólicas.

Gracias a la mejora de las ópticas de rayos X y al uso de métodos tomográficos de reconstrucción tridimensional, se ha podido desarrollar la tomografía de rayos X de células congeladas. Esta técnica permite obtener imágenes de células en su estado natural con una resolución de hasta 30 nm. Esto se traduce en imágenes en las que dentro de las células se pueden observar los virus que las infectan.

El grupo dirigido por Carrascosa (en el que han jugado un papel clave Javier Chichón y María José Rodríguez), utilizó unos virus especiales creados en colaboración con el grupo de Mariano Esteban, también del CNB, que permitía su detección por fluorescencia. Usando esta aproximación experimental, han sido capaces de detectar las zonas donde se ensamblan los virus, así como su ruta de maduración dentro de las células completas.

Con las células congeladas, utilizaron la microscopía de rayos X para ir obteniendo imágenes de ellas a distintos ángulos. Una vez procesada mediante métodos de reconstrucción tomográfica tridimensional toda la información obtenida, se han podido generar volúmenes tridimensionales de los virus que se encontraban dentro de las células. Unas imágenes de tal calidad y resolución que les ha permitido diferenciar dentro de la propia célula las distintas fases del proceso de maduración del virus.

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