- Un estudio internacional liderado por científicos españoles descifra el origen de la herramienta de edición genética CRISPR y constata su actividad original
- El trabajo, publicado en la prestigiosa revista científica Nature Microbiology, abre nuevas vías en la manipulación de ADN y en el tratamiento de enfermedades como el cáncer o la diabetes
Un grupo de investigación internacional ha reconstruido por primera vez ancestros del conocido sistema CRISPR-Cas de hace 2.600 millones de años y ha estudiado su evolución a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados apuntan a que los sistemas revitalizados no solo funcionan, sino que son más versátiles que las versiones actuales y podrían tener aplicaciones revolucionarias. La prestigiosa revista científica Nature Microbiology ha dado a conocer los resultados de esta investigación que, en opinión del equipo investigador “abre nuevas vías para la edición genética”.
En el proyecto, dirigido por el investigador Ikerbasque de CIC nanoGUNE Rául Pérez-Jiménez, participan equipos del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas como el de Lluís Montoliu en el Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, la Universidad de Alicante, el Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), el Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS y otras instituciones estatales e internacionales.
La edición genómica es una tecnología revolucionaria y cuya trascendencia ha sido reconocida con la concesión del premio Nobel a sus descubridores. Su aplicación a la mejora de cultivos trasciende al ámbito de la investigación.
La edición genómica es una nueva aproximación a la mejora genética basada en el conocimiento, que aprovecha las propias soluciones naturales de las plantas, y puede utilizarse paraa reducir los actuales requerimientos de insumos externos y haciendo posible una producción de alimentos más respetuosa con el medio ambiente.
La decisión del Tribunal de Justicia de la UE de someter las plantas mejoradas mediante edición genómica a la complicada y costosa regulación europea sobre Organismos Modificados Genéticamente (OMG) coloca a esta tecnología fuera del ámbito habitual de obtención y registro de variedades vegetales.
Esto supone un duro varapalo a las expectativas y promesas que la edición genética ofrece para la sostenibilidad y la competitividad de un sector como el agroalimentario, que tanta importancia tiene en nuestro país.
Las numerosas reacciones a esta sentencia han llevado a la UE a realizar un estudio sobre su importancia y su impacto en el seno de la Unión.
El CNB se une a las numerosas voces académicas y empresariales que reclaman una revisión de dicha legislación, de manera que no restrinja las enormes oportunidades que estas técnicas pueden aportar a la agricultura española y europea, incidiendo en la necesidad de crear unas condiciones favorables, basadas en la evidencia científica, para el desarrollo óptimo de la producción vegetal.
En este sentido, el CNB se une y apoya la carta lanzada por EUSAGE (European Sustainable Agriculture through Genome Editing), donde la comunidad científica representada por EU-SAGE señala la necesidad de que el estudio de la UE promueva un estatus regulatorio proporcionado y no discriminatorio para los cultivos mejorados mediante edición genética en la legislación europea, y que permita el desarrollo y la introducción en el mercado europeo de los cultivos con genomas editados.
CNB researcher Lluís Montoliu receives the"SINCronizados" award from the scientific news agency SINC as a recognition of his enthusiam in science communication.
El CNB se suma a los centros de investigación europeos que piden la regulación de los organismos editados geneticamente para salvaguardar las técnicas de edición génica en la agricultura sostenible
Experts from across the continent recommend establishment of a European committee to review and evaluate the uses of new genetic tools. The new techniques are inexpensive, simple, rapid and have greatly expanded the range of potential applications; they are also moving millions of euros. Scientists consider it is time to launch a debate on the ethical and social implications of these tools, and to legislate their use and applicability.
Trends in Microbiology. 2016 July. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.06.005
Francisco J.M. Mojica and Lluis Montoliu
Two outstanding representatives of CRISPR-Cas have come together to tell the story of a technique that, based on a secret closly guarded by bacteria for millions of years , has revolutionized the world of genetic editing. In a review article, the authors pay homage to basic research that, sooner or later, yields benefits.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 May 10. pii: gkw407
Oliveros JC, Franch M, Tabas-Madrid D, San-León D, Montoliu L, Cubas P, Pazos F.
Breaking-Cas is a web tool, developed at the Centro Nacional de Biotecnología of the CSIC (CNB-CSIC), that facilitates the design of gene editing experiments using the well-known CRISPR/Cas technique.The programme enables the design of the guide RNA (gRNA) needed for this technique, which is specific for each experiment.The software will allow researchers around the world to carry out CRISPR genome editing in nearly 700 eukaryotic organisms.
Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2014; 83:15.7.1-15.7.27.
Harms DW, Quadros RM, Seruggia D, Ohtsuka M, Takahashi G, Montoliu L, Gurumurthy CB.
The availability of techniques to create desired genetic mutations has enabled the laboratory mouse as an extensively used model organism in biomedical research including human genetics. A new addition to this existing technical repertoire is the CRISPR/Cas system. Specifically, this system allows editing of the mouse genome much more quickly than the previously used techniques, and, more importantly, multiple mutations can be created in a single experiment.
Here we provide protocols for preparation of CRISPR/Cas reagents and microinjection into one-cell mouse embryos to create knockout or knock-in mouse models.
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